fbpx

PANDARAYA SA HALALAN PILIPINAS

Halaw sa artikulo ni Cherry Ann T. Lim, “Cheating in the elections: Let me count the ways” (https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/72952/Business/Cheating-in-the-elections-Let me-count-the-ways on May 7, 2016)
 

HALALAN MANWAL

Noong nakaraang panahon ang pagbilang ng mga boto ay ginagawang manwal: binibilang isa-isa mula sa pangalang nakasulat sa balota.  Ang kandidatong nais na manalo ay nandaraya sa iba’t-ibang paraan: (1) bumibili ng boto, (2) pinagpapalit ang mga kahon ng balota sa kahong may pekeng balota, (3) binabayaran ang mga guro na basahin [mula sa balota] ang ibang pangalan sa oras ng pagbibilang.
 

HALALANG AUTOMATIKO

Inumpisahang gamitin ang mga PCOS (Precinct Count Optical Scan) machines noong 2010 mula sa pagpasok ng mga balota, pagbilang ng mga ito, at pagpapadala ng resulta sa Centro ng Comelec na nag-uugnay-ugnay nito mula sa iba’t-ibang panig ng bansa. 

Ang PCOS machines ang bumibilang ng boto buhat sa pangalan ng kandidatong nasa balotang minarkahan ng itim [shaded by black].  Ang VCMs (Vote Counting Machines) ang humalili sa pagkuha ng suma-total ng bawat kandidato mula sa precinto at ito’y ipinapadala sa pangkalahatang Centro para maitala ang kabuuang boto ng kandidato.  Bagamat ito’y mga makina, hindi pa rin nakatitiyak na walang maaaring dayaang magaganap.

Ginamitan ng mga pamamaraan upang mahangganan ang pandaraya sa pamamagitan: (1) digital signatures ng BEIs (Board of Election Inspectors) sa pagsumite ng resulta ng balota; (2) ultra-violet security marks sa balota para maiwasan ang pekeng balota na mabasa; (3) imprenta ng voter receipts upang matiyak na ang balota ay tumpak na nabasa ng machine.
 

PARAAN NG PANDARAYA

  1. Maling Machines -- Maaaring hindi makaboto ang isang tao kung nagkamali nang pagpapadala ng machines sa itinalagang precinto. 
     
  2. Nahintong Daloy ng Pagboto --Ang balota ay nakaugnay sa isang tukoy na VCM para sa isang precinto. Sa isang pagkakamali o antala ng paghahatid ng VCM, maaaring mahinto ang daloy ng pagboto sa isang precinto.
     
  3. Balotang Depektibo --Maaari ring maantala ang daloy, o kaya’y hindi makaboto ang botante, kung ang balota ay depekto (“pre-shaded with invisible ink”).  Kung itutuloy ang botohan, maaaring manalo ang mga pangalan ng kandidatong may “pre-shaded ink”.  Paano ito maaaring mangyari?  Isa lamang ang pwedeng panggalingan – Comelec ang nag-imprenta ng mga balota; o kaya’y ang mga kasabwat ng kandidatong ibig na mandaya para magwagi sa eleksiyon.
     
  4. Markadong Balota – Ang mga balota ay may “bar code” para mabasa ng VCM.  Kung mayroong iba-ibang marka ang balota (merong tinta o ibang marka, nakatupi, atbp), ito’y hindi na pwedeng gamitin. Ang botante ay hindi makaboboto at kailangang maghintay para makakuhang muli nang bago at malinis na balota; nguni’t kung minsan ay huli na at wala nang pagkakataong makaboto pa.
     
  5. Memory Card or SD CARD (Secure Digital Card) [compact flash or CD card noong 2013 eleksiyon] - ito’y may programa kung paano patakbuhin ang machine at basahin ang balota. Kung ito’y “tampered,” maaari itong magbigay ng maling resulta. 
     
  6. Paghahatid ng Resulta – Ang pandaraya ay maaaring mangyari sa umpisa pa lamang:  Pre-loading, bilangan, pagpapalit ng SD card, paghahatid ng resulta mula sa precinto patungong Centro (“weak signals,” BEIs walang kaalaman sa BGAN (Broadband Global Area Network). Kapag hindi napadala sa BGAN, ang mga guro ay magbibilang na lamang nang manwal.
     
  7. Hacker – 4 na uri ng pandaraya: (1) “Sniffing” – hinaharang ang resulta ngunit hindi niya pinapalitan; gusto lamang niyang makita ang resulta bago ito ipahatid (transmit);  (2)  “Man in the middle” – ang hacker ay nasa gitna, tumatanggap ng impormasyon mula sa machine, pinapalitan ito, at ipinapadala sa “receiver”;  (3) “Denial of Service” – hindi maipadala ang tunay na resulta dahil sa kunwaring “weak signal,” ngunit ang hacker ay pinapalitan ang SD card; (4) “Rogue Machine” – inuunahan ang pagpapadala ng resulta, kung kaya’t ang tunay na resulta’y ayaw nang tanggapin ng server sa Centro.  
     
  8. Teoria o Haka-haka – Mahirap patunayan ang mga pandaraya mula sa paggamit ng electoral machines.  Kung may protesta, ito ay nabibigyang solusyon sa pamamagitan nang manwal na pagbibilang ng balota. 
     
  9. Lumang Paraan – Ang lumang pamamaraan ng pandaraya ay laganap pa rin – pamimili ng boto, pananakot, terorismo, 
     
  10. Pagbili ng boto – gawain ng local na opisyales sa pamamagitan ng “herding” o pagkukumpol ng mga botante.
     
  11. Quota – tumatanggap ng budget mula sa kandidato at ibinibigay sa mga botante nang buo o “installment” (“downpayment” bago bumoto; “balance” pagkatapos ng eleksiyon).
     
  12. Sample Ballot na may pangalan nang dapat ibotong kandidato; may kalakip na pera sa sobre – ang mga pulis ay itinatalaga sa mga lugar na talamak ang pamimili ng boto, ngunit wala naman silang inaaresto.
     
  13. Botong Negatibo – binabayaran para huwag bumoto (Php5 k – Php10k kada household).  
     
  14. Poll-Watchers – binabayaran o binibigyan ng “allowance” para magbantay sa boto ng kanilang kandidato.
     

IWASAN ANG PANDARAYA

  1. Turuan ang mga botante at bantay-halalan (poll-watchers); gawain ng mg NGOs at Pastoral Council.      
  2. Botante – maging mapagmasid (vigilant).

 

(Mula sa Lathala ng Obispado Maximo; isinalin sa wikang Pilipino ni Padi Vicky Esguerra.)

 


 

Pin It

News & Updates

Published: March 17, 2025

Ang Christmas Institute para sa Diyosesis ng MaQueBaCa

Noong nakaraang Simbang Gabi, nagsagawa ng isang makulay at puno ng pagmamahal na Christmas Institue ang buong Diyosesis ng Kalakhang Maynila para sa mga pook na nasalanta ng mga kalamidad sa Kalugaran ng Bicol (Camarines Sur). Ang kaganapang ito ay isang bahagi ng kanilang misyon ng pagbibigay tulong at pagkakawanggawa, na naglalayong maghatid ng kagalakan at pag-asa sa mga pamilyang patuloy na bumangon mula sa mga pagsubok.

Published: December 11, 2024

Blood Donation Drive at the DGMA Cathedral

Join us in making a life-saving difference this holiday season! People360, in partnership with Iglesia Filipina Independiente (DGMA Cathedral), Dugong Alay Dugtong Buhay (DADB), Brgy. Apolonio Samson & Council, Sangguniang Kabataan of Brgy. Apolonio Samson, CDAG, Tau Gamma Sigma, Breast Cancer Warrior, Rotary Club of Cubao, Q.C., and Chinese General Hospital and Medical Center, invites you to another Blood Donation Program on December 14, 2024, from 7:00 AM to 2:00 PM, at the IFI Cathedral, Brgy. Apolonio Samson, Quezon City.

Published: November 7, 2024

TEN-TEN LAUDS OUTSTANDING LEADERS

May we always remember; may we never forget,” Bishop Buddy started his homily in paying tribute to the father-son tandem, Don Belong and OM Beluco.  The word “Double Ten” (date October 10) was coined after the month of October and day 10, hence Double Ten, red-letter day to remember and honor the two great leaders responsible for the furtherance and growth of the IFI...

Published: November 4, 2024

DGMA ORDAINS FOUR MINISTERS

On three separate occasions, DGMA through its officiating officer, the Rt. Rev. Vicente Salvador Ballesteros, ordained two priests and two deacons in an unprecedented one-month record period between September and October 2024. Two were held at the Cathedral of the Crucified Lord in Barangay Apolonio Samson, Quezon City; while one was held at the historic Maria Clara Church in Sta. Cruz, Manila.

Published: October 31, 2024

DGMA COMMEMORATES TOP IFI LEADERS

A Requiem Mass was held on October 10, 2024 (so-called Double Ten) at the Maria Clara Church in Sta. Cruz, Manila, to remember and honor the two distinguished leaders of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente, the Delos Reyes father-son-tandem: Isabelo delos Reyes, Sr. (“Don Belong”) and Isabelo delos Reyes, Jr. (“Beluco”). The Rt. Rev. Vicente Salvador (“Buddy”) Ballesteros, DGMA bishop, led the concelebrated Mass;

DGMA Features

Published: March 17, 2025

Ministriya ng Tagabasa sa Diyosesis ng Kalakhang Maynila

Ang Ministriya ng Tagabasa ay isang mahalagang bahagi ng Simbahan, at sa pagtanggap ng tungkuling ito, inaasahang mas lalalim ang pananampalataya ng mga mananampalataya. Sa pagtatapos ng seremonya, iginawad sa mga bagong tagabasa ang kanilang Pamatok (Lay Stole), Krus ng paglilingkod, at Lisensya bilang sagisag ng kanilang misyon.

Published: February 28, 2025

MIYERKULES NG ABO

Ash Wednesday is a reminder of our frailty to burst our pride, to remind us of what is important and of where our life is leading. There is repentance for our pride as we receive our ashes at Mass, but Lent is also hope-filled, as in our frailty we hope in God's merciful love. Our Lenten practices of increased prayer, fasting and almsgiving all serve to focus the mind and re-attune the heart, so that we can renew our friendship with the Lord. Life is filled with so much to do, and so much to distract us.

Published: November 25, 2024

Message from the Chief Pastor to all clergy and congregations (CHRIST THE KING SUNDAY)

Bowing and kneeling to the greatest King today should remind us that Christ as King made Himself known not by means of power domination and violence. That He made us understand Him by His unconditional love, by willful sharing of Himself as a servant-leader who leads by being the last, who teach us both by His words and loving deeds, and who treats us not as subjects but friends. Let us also caution ourselves from temptation to bow before world’s rulers in contempt of the one true Ruler who has given us life and keeps us blessed throughout the days of our lives.

Published: April 13, 2023

The Obispo Maximo's Message
on Easter April 9, 2023

Truly, “the resurrection is at the core of our beliefs as Christians. Without it, our faith is meaningless” (Joseph B. Wirthlin). But as we celebrate this joyful season, may it be clear to us as God’s people that Easter is not simply the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, it is largely our living out with him being the resurrected Lord so that we shall persist and endure to proclaim life and live out hope in our day to day living. Hence, in both gospels we heard the divine imperative to go and to tell others about the life that conquers death and the hope that defeats despair and the love that overcomes evil...

Published: December 31, 2022

January 1, 2023

Matthew 2:13-23
“Get up, take the child and his mother, and flee to Egypt, and remain there until I tell you, for Herod is about to search for the child, to destroy him.”

Announcements

Published: August 3, 2024

122nd Proclamation Anniversary

IGLESIA FILIPINA INDEPENDIENTE
August 3, 1902 - August 3, 2024

PILGRIMAGE OF SOLIDARITY: Church and Indigenous Communities Journeying to Abundant Life.
"I have come that they may have life. and have it to the full" (John 10:10b, NIV)

Published: November 13, 2020

KAPIT-BISIG Humanitarian Mission

The South Central Luzon Bishops Conference (SCLBC) appeals to your compassionate heart for donations in order to bring relief to the victims of the recent calamity. We request your kind support in making sure that we provide immediate relief to the victims by donating relief goods, most importantly medical supplies, clothes, blankets and other basic necessities.

Published: November 8, 2020

SCL Virtual Clergy Convocation

SERVING WITH JOY AND GENEROSITY IN THE MIDST OF AFFLICTION AND REPRESSION.

November 9, 2020 I 8:00am - 5:00pm I via Zoom app
Speaker: Bishop Reuel Norman Marigza | NCCP General Secretary

Official Church Statements

Published: February 19, 2021

Create and Make in us New and Contrite Hearts

We ask then all members of the IFI community to take the Season of Lent as an opportunity to contemplate on what our Lord Jesus really did and continue to do for us through his passion and death on the cross and eventually through his resurrection. We need to see his work of salvation wrought for us and the way he is leading us towards the unity and presence of God almighty, the Father in heaven.

Published: December 14, 2020

Celebrate His Life and Ministry, remember His Contribution

OM’s Message to the Church On the 43rd Death Anniversary of past Obispo Maximo Bishop Santiago Fonacier; December 8, 2020; TO THE BELOVED PEOPLE OF GOD In the Iglesia Filipina Independiente

Published: December 4, 2020

RED-TAGGING by NTF-ELCAC amid Pandemic

The Iglesia Filipina Independiente (IFI) clergy and laity were shocked and appalled when on October 30, 2020 a video clip proliferated in social media claiming the IFI and other Churches in the Philippines to have “15% membership as members of CPP-NPA-NDFP.

Published: October 17, 2020

Concordat Anniversary between Church of England and the IFI

OM’S MESSAGE TO THE CHURCH On the Occasion of the Concordat Anniversary between the Church of England and the Iglesia Filipina Independiente

Published: October 2, 2020

He Walked While He Had The Light

OM’s Message on the Celebration of the Life of Bp. Gregorio Aglipay: On the Occasion of his 80th Death Anniversary.

"Our celebration today is therefore about his life, not about his death; a kind of life that Bp. Gregorio Aglipay..."

Salitang Buhay

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stay Connected

Keep up-to-date with the latest information on the Diocese of Greater Manila Area sent directly to your email.

E-mail Address
First Name: Last Name:

●●●●●